Rescued Gila Monsters' Venom Key to Diabetes Drug
The Neotrópico Foundation, which rescues animals including Gila Monsters seized from illegal trafficking, highlighted how a component in the venom of these rare lizards led to the development of a key drug for type 2 diabetes.
The Neotrópico Foundation rescues many different animals, including birds, reptiles, and spiders. They all find a safe home at the foundation's rescue and rehabilitation center.
Among these rescued animals are Gila Monsters (Heloderma suspectum), which you might not know much about. The foundation recently shared some interesting facts about them on social media. Gila Monsters are one of the few venomous lizards in the world.
The Neotrópico Foundation currently cares for two Gila Monsters. They were seized from illegal wildlife trafficking.
Jaime de Urioste, president of the Neotrópico Foundation, explained in a recent social media video that Gila Monsters live in areas from the southern United States to northern Mexico.
While their venom isn't deadly to humans, a Gila Monster bite can cause pain, swelling, sweating, and a fast heart rate.
The foundation also notes that the Gila Monster's saliva is a powerful mix of substances it uses for defense and to overpower prey. One of these substances is exendin-4, which is very similar to a human hormone called GLP-1. GLP-1 is important for controlling blood sugar, as it helps release insulin after meals and slows down how quickly the stomach empties. In humans, GLP-1 is quickly broken down by enzymes and only stays in the bloodstream for a few minutes.
However, exendin-4 has a different structure that makes it resistant to these enzymes, so it lasts much longer. This long-lasting effect is perfect for Gila Monsters, which don't eat very often. The peptide helps them manage their blood sugar during long periods without food.
The Neotrópico Foundation points out that in the 1990s, scientists studying Gila Monster venom discovered the potential of exendin-4. They created a synthetic version called exenatide, which became a new treatment for people with type 2 diabetes. This drug works like GLP-1 but lasts for hours instead of minutes, helping to control blood sugar, and often leading to weight loss and better heart health.
The Neotrópico Foundation is dedicated to protecting nature in the Canary Islands. They conduct research, conserve biodiversity, promote animal welfare, raise awareness, and provide environmental education. They also actively fight against illegal wildlife trafficking and invasive species.